任佳欣，陳玲，龔江，瞿金平，牛冉*
低蒸發焓水凝膠用于太陽能驅動水凈化
高分子通報 (2023) accept
日益嚴重的水資源短缺和水體污染引發了人們對先進水凈化技術的研究興趣。太陽能驅動的界面蒸發利用清潔的太陽能來分離水和雜質，被認為是解決缺水和污染最環保、經濟的技術。低蒸發焓水凝膠基光熱轉換材料由于其高蒸發速率、可加工性、可控性和多功能性，成為最有潛力的太陽能蒸發器材料。首先，我們回顧了水凝膠的關鍵概念，這些概念證明了其在太陽能驅動的界面蒸發系統中的優勢，如快速水傳輸和低蒸發焓。其次，我們總結了水凝膠的制備方法包括引入的光熱材料以及水凝膠的設計策略，以提高水凝膠的整體性能。水凝膠蒸發器的多種功能在抗鹽、光降解、殺菌和發電等方面得到了擴展。基于水凝膠的上述優勢，我們進一步提出了使用于實際使用環境的水凝膠蒸發器的設計概念和策略。
Low vaporization enthalpy hydrogels for solar water purification
Abstract: Increasing concerns over water scarcity and pollution leads to growing research interest in advanced water purification technologies. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation, which is driven by clean solar energy for separation of water and impurities, has been considered the most eco-friendly and cost-effective technology to solve water shortage and pollution. Hydrogel-based materials with low evaporation enthalpy outperform most of other potential materials for photothermal conversion due to their breakthrough evaporation rates, processability, controllability and versatility. In this review, we first review the key concepts of hydrogels that show benefits in solar-driven interfacial evaporation systems, including water transport and low evaporation enthalpy. Secondly, we present the fabrication methods of hydrogel evaporators, the incorporated light absorbers, as well as the design strategies of micro/nanostructures for overall hydrogel performance enhancement. Finally, some of the multiple functions of hydrogel evaporators are introduced, such as salt-blocking, Photo-degradation, sterilization, and electricity generation. Considering the benefits of the above hydrogel mechanisms and technologies, we further propose design concepts for hydrogel evaporators required in practical applications. We anticipate the attainment of low-cost, high-efficiency operation and large-scale hydrogel development in the solar water purification, which will establish a solid platform for addressing water resource scarcity and pollution.
Keywords: Solar-driven interfacial evaporation, Hydrogel, Low vaporization, design principle